Merger of Indian princely States into the India | J.V.P. committee reports on 1 April 1949
A princely ministry was formed under the leadership of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel to perform the merger of Indian princely states in India. Out of the 562 princely states, 559 joined by their wills, while special action was taken to merge 3 princely states.
Table of Contents
The names of the merger of Indian princely states included in India by special action are as follows –
1. Junagadh State – By Referendum
2. Princely State of Hyderabad – By Police Action (Operation Polo)
3. Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir – By merger letter (Raja Hari Singh the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir signed the merger letter with India on 26 October 1947.)
Reorganization of states on the basis of language:
To examine whether reorganization of states on the basis of language is appropriate, Rajendra Prasad, the President of the Constituent Assembly, on November 27, 1947, Appointed the retired Judge of Allahabad High Court S.K. Dhar and a four-member commission headed by Dhar.
The commission headed by Dhar submitted its report in 1948.
This Commission opposed the reorganization of states on the basis of language and supported the reorganization of states on the basis of administrative convenience.
To review the decisions of the Dhar Commission, the Congress constituted a J.V.P. Committee in its Jaipur session on December 10, 1948, Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel and P Sitharamaiya are the members of J. V. P. Committee. This Committee was headed by P. Sitharamaiya.
The J.V.P. committee submitted its report on 1 April 1949. This committee rejected the demand for reorganization of states on a linguistic basis.
Following the report of the J.V.P committee, the Telugu speakers of Madras State started the movement under the leadership of Poti Shri Ramulla. Poti Sri Ramulla died on 15 December 1952, after a 58-day fast unto death.
After the death of Ramullu, Prime Minister J. L. Nehru announced the formation of a separate Andhra Pradesh for Telugu speakers.
On 1 October 1953, Andhra Pradesh State was formed.
Andhra Pradesh was the first state to be formed on the basis of language in independent India. Andhra Pradesh from Madras a separate state was formed. At that time the capital of Andhra Pradesh was Kurnool.
The State Reorganization Commission was formed on 29 December 1953.
The State Reorganization Commission consisted of a total of 3 members. The Chairman of the State Reorganization Commission was Fazal Ali. Its other members were Pt. Hridyanath Kunjru and Sardar K. M. Panikkar.
The State Reorganization Commission submitted its report on 30 December 1955. On the basis of this report, the Indian Parliament created a State Reorganization Act in 1956, on the basis of this Act 14 states and 6 Union Territories were established in India.
In November 1954, the French government ceded all of its colony Puducherry, Yanam, Chandranagar and Kerikal to the Indian Government.
The treaty in this regard was signed on 28 May 1956. After this, the union territory of Pondicherry was formed by combining all these Colonies.
On 18 December 1961, the Government of India took action against the Portuguese for the liberation of Goa, Daman and Diu and took full authority over them. (Operation Vijay)
By the 12th Constitutional Amendment (1962), Goa, Daman and Diu were included in the first schedule and became an integral part of India.
Madras was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969.
In 1973, the name of Mysore was changed to Karnataka.
At present, there are 28 states and 8 union territories in India. These have been included in the First Schedule of the Constitution.
Year of formation of new states because of a merger of Indian princely states :
| Sr.No. | States | Formation Year |
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh (13) | October 1,1953 |
| 2 | Maharashtra (14) | May 1,1960 |
| 3 | Gujarat (15) | May 1,1960 |
| 4 | Nagaland (16) | December 1,1963 |
| 5 | Haryana (17) | November 1,1966 |
| 6 | Himachal Pradesh (18) | January 25,1971 |
| 7 | Meghalaya (19) | January 21,1972 |
| 8 | Manipur (20) | January 21,1972 |
| 9 | Tripura (21) | January 21,1972 |
| 10 | Sikkim (22) | April 26,1975 |
| 11 | Mizoram (23) | February 20,1987 |
| 12 | Arunachal Pradesh (24) | February 20,1987 |
| 13 | Goa (25) | May 30,1987 |
| 14 | Chhattisgarh (26) | November 1,2013 |
| 15 | Uttarakhand (27) | November 9,2000 |
| 16 | Jharkhand (28) | November 15,2000 |
| 17 | Telangana (29) | June 2,2014 |
Regional council
The Zonal Council was established under the State Reorganization Act, 1956. There are 5 regional councils in India, which are constituted by the President. The Union Minister nominated by the Union Home Minister or the President of the Regional Council.
Occur. It plays an important role in improving center-state relations.
Regional Councils constituted in India:
Regional Council Headquarters
1. Northern Zonal Council, New Delhi
2. Intermediate Regional Council of Allahabad,
3. Eastern Regional Council Kolkata
4. Western Regional Council Mumbai
5. Southern Regional Council Chennai
Northern Zonal Council: Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir, Chandigarh, Delhi.
Intermediate Regional Council: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh
Eastern Zonal Council: Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa, Jharkhand, Sikkim, Assam, Manipur Tripura, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram
Western Zonal Council: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa Daman – Diu and Dadar Nagar Haveli.
Southern Zonal Council: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry.
Read more about Important Articles of the Constitution.
Articles
Article 1-India that is Bharat is Union of State rather than a federation of state. Union means no state separate from the country whereas in federation states have the right to separate from the country. The USA is Federation.
Article 2-Admission or establishment of new States.
Article 3-Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing states by Parliament
Article 4-It says that any law referred to in Article 2 and Article 3 will contain such provision for amendment of the first and fourth Schedule and Supplemental, Incidental and Consequential Matters.
This is a brief introduction of the successful integration of the vast majority of princely states into India
Important points to remember:
*Sardar Patel is also known as Bismarck of India; Iron man of India; Chankaya of India.
*Puducherry belong to three states Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala. Yanam in Andhra Pradesh, Mahe in keral, kerikal in Tamil Nadu all this constitute a Puducherry. Chandra Nagar belongs to West Bengal.
